Introduction to C#

What is Structure in C#

Structure is a user-defined value type which encapsulates member data and member function.
A struct is a user-defined value type. It is declared in a very similar way to a class, except that it can't inherit from any class, nor can any class inherit from it (as mentioned\ previously, however, all value types do inherit from System.object), The following example shows a partial declaration for a 'Coordinate' struch.

What is enumeration in C#

An enumeration is a special set of numeric type string literals which considered as a constants.
An enumeration is a special kind of value type limited to a restricted and unchangeable set of numerical values. By default, these numerical values are integers, but they can also be longs, bytes, etc. (any numerical/value except char) as will be illustrated below.
 

Type of String in C#

A string is an empty space, a character, a word, or a group of words.
A string is an empty space, a character, a word, or a group of words that you want the compiler to consider "as is", that is, not to pay too much attention to what the string is made of, unless you explicitly ask it to. This means that, in the strict sense, you can put in a string anything you want.

Type of Array

An array is a group or collection of similar type of elements.

An array is a group or collection of similar values. An array contains a number of variables, which are accessed through computed indexes. The various value contained in an array are also called the elements of array. All elements of an array have to be of same type, and this type is called the element type of the array. The element of an array can be of any type including an array type.

What is Scope of Variable

In the body of a method, you can also declare variables that would be used internally. A variable declared in the body is referred to as a local variable. It cannot be accessed outside of the method it belongs to. After declaring a local variable, it is made available to the method and you can use it.

Type of Method in C#

The Function defined with in class is called method. It is a code designed to work on the member data of class.

Methods are operations associated with types. To provide a type with methods is to give it some useful functionality. Often this functionality is made generally available, so that it can be utilized by other types.

Multiple Main() Functions in C#

C# has a strong feature in which we can define more than one class with the Main method. Since Main is the entry point for the program execution, there are now more than one entry points. In fact, there should be only one entry point. Which will be resolved by specifying which Main is to be used to the compiler at the time of compilation as shown below:

Command Line Arguments

Command line arguments are parameters supplied to the Main method at the time of invoking it for execution. To understand the concepts see the example given below:
Program of Command line argument to accept name from the command line and writes to the console. (Sample.cs)


What is Namespace in C#

When many people work in creating the same program, it could be difficult to keep track of the names of various classes. If more than one programmer creates a class with the same name in the same program, there would be conflict and the program would not work. The solution to avoid this situation is to delimit sections of code with names.

Types of Statements in C#

Like C++ it contains three types of statements.
1. Simple Statements
2. Compound Statements
3. Control Statements

A Simple C# Program

Let's begin in the traditional way, by looking at the code of a Hello World program.
1. using System;
2. public class HelloWorld
3. {
4. public static void Main()
5. {
6. II This is a single line comment
7. /* This is a
8. multiple
9. line comment */
10. Console.WriteLine("Hello World! ");
11. }
12. }

Explain C# Data Type

C# is a type-safe language Variables· are declared as .being of a particular type; and each variable is constrained to hold only values of its declared type.
Variables can hold either value types or reference types, or they can be pointers. Here's a quick recap of the difference between value types and reference types.

C# KEYWORDS

C# uses a series of words, called keywords, for its internal use. This means that you must avoid naming your objects using one of these keywords.

Identifiers And Variables

Identifiers refer to the names of variables, functions arrays, classes, etc. created by programmer. They are fundamental requirement of any language. Each language has its own rules for naming these identifiers.
To name the variables of your program, you must follow strict rules. In fact, everything else in your program must have a name.
There are some rules you must follow when naming your objects. On this site, here are the rules we will follow:
• The name must start with a letter or an underscore or the at symbol @.
• After the first letter or underscore, the name can have letters, digits, and/or underscores.
• The name must not have any special characters other than the underscore.
• The name cannot have a space.
• It should not a keyword.
C# is case-sensitive. This means that the names Case, case, and CASE are completely different. For example, the main function is always written Main.

FEATURES OF C#

Simplicity

All the Syntax of java is like C++. There is no preprocessor and much larger library. C# code does not require header files. All code is written inline.

Consistent Behavior

C# introduced a unified type system which eliminates the problem of varying ranges of integer types. All types are treated as objects and developers can extend the type system simply and easily.

Modern Programming Language

C# supports number of modem features, such as:
• Automatic Garbage Collection
• Error handling features
• Modern debugging features
• Robust Security features

Pure Object-Oriented Programming Language

In C#, every thing is an object. There are no more global functions, variable and constants.
It supports all three object oriented features:
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

How to Comparing C# to C++ and Java

Microsoft Corporation developed a new computer programming language C# pronounced as 'C- Sharp'. C# is a simple, modem, object oriented, and type safe programming language derived from C and C++. C# is a purely object-oriented language like as Java. It has been designed to support the key features of .NET framework. Like Java, C# is a descendant language of C++ which is descendant of C language.

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